The set of political, social, economical, ideological and scientific transformations, which we know as "modernity", provoked the emancipation of the Jews in most of Europe and, at the same time, forms of antisemitism narrowly tied to the contradictions that generated these changes. This new antisemitism, which kept on growing at the end of the century, is on the basis of the theories that, from the power, provoked the destruction of the Jews of Europe during Second World War.